Safety arrangement for antenne



0R 1.58m559 l c. SCHWARZ SAFETY ARRANGEMENT FOR ANTENNE -Filed oct. s1.. 1921 m av l,

f ATre/ryf'rs l.;

i po l Patented lipi'. 13, 1926. i

l unirsi)v STATES YENNSYLVANIA.

1,530,539 PATENT in-'iets'. I

SCHW-ALZV, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, NEAR .BER-LIN, GERMANY, ABSIGNOR T0 WESTNGHOUBE ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMFANY, A CORPORATION 0F -SAFETY ARRANGEMENT FOR ANTENNE.

Application inea october 31, 1921. seriai lo. 511,834.

` To all whom, it may concern.'

Be it known that I, Cani; SCHwAiiz,' a subject of the German Republic, residing at Charlottenburg, near Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements. in Safety Arrangements for A ntenn, of which the following is a specilication.

' This invention relates to 'radio signaling and particularly? to signaling by high-ircuenoy currents impressed upon line conductors. It is particularly applicable to the transmission of radio signals over high-teusion power conductors.

It is an object of this invention to prevent abrupt changes in potential or other disturbances'upon the liuc wires troni injuring the signaling apparatus.

It is a fui-ther object. of this invention to provide a connection to ground, which shall conduct disturbing` currents away,

without interfering with the signaling cur-v rents.

It is a further object of this invention to arrange a plurality of antennae symmetrically with respect to the -ground coiincction so that disturbances inipressed upon the antennae shall neutrali.-;e one another.

Other objects of the invention and details of the construction will he apparent from the following description and the aecoinpanying drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic showing ot' the arrangement embodying this invention:

Fig. 2 illustrates a modification thereof;

Fig. 3 shows provision for timing;

Fig. '4 shows a modification of the structure illustrated in F 3:

Fig. 5 illustratcsa further modification:

Fig. (i shows the adaptation of the invention to the combined sending and receiving apparatus; t

Fig. 7 illustrates the application of the invention shown' in' Fig. 6 to the three wires of a three-phase line, and

Fig. 8 4shows a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 6.

The line l re iresents one of al plurality of line wires w ich nia),Y he a high-powertiansinission line or any forni of linear couductor. The signaling apparatus includes two antennae a and b which are inductiveiy related to the line wire Zat a distance apart Awave length, the connections will comparable with the wave lengths of the signaling energ'. Connected between the two antenna: are two coils .si and t. The junction o of these coils is connected to earth at e. The coils s and t `are inductively coupled to the coil 1- which is connected to the sending or receiving apparatus. If the antennae a and Z1 -are a half-wave length apart, the. coils s and t will be connected as illustrated, so that their effect upon the coil i", in response to the signaling energy, is additive. 1t' the antennae a and I; are Sonie other distance apart, for example, a uarteie correspondingly changed so that their effect shall still be additive. 1f the high potential present upon the line Z be sufficient to produce disturbances in the antennae a and l, the resulting disturbances in the coils a and i neutralize one another, and they are conducted to ground without having produced anyi'esult in the coili. The sending or rec'civing apparatus connected to r is, therefore, protected front such disturbances.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is similar except that an auto-transfornieris used instead of there being a separate-coil corresponding to i'. The sending or receiving apparatus in this forni is connected to the leads g.v

In Fig. 3, a condenser 7c is shown connected across the ends of the divided coil s-t by means of which the antenna systein may he tuned.

A. siinilar condenser is sliowirin Fig. 4 and, in addition, l ground is' shownv as adjustable.

ber of quarter-wave lengths apart, the effect of this iuay be coiupensatedb'y this adjustnient. v

In Fig. 5, two condensers h and'z' are shown, providing a coupling in the place of the coils s and t. the sending/oi' receiving apparatus is over the leads g.

In Fig. 6, the antennae a and n serve for sending while the antennae n and f serve for receiving. 'llie coil .s-p connected with the antenna a and the coil t-q connected to the antennak f have theiriniddle points o connected-to earth by a common conductor. The sending apparatusjs coupled to The connection to A the connection to the the antenna a by means of the coil d and the coil s-p. The receiving apparatus is coupled to the antenna f by means of the coil m and the coil t-g. 5 is placed between the antenna. n and the coil f/ and an inductance shunted about the condenser. This combination makes an antiresonant circuit for the sending frequency, so that the frequency impressed upon the coil d will be delivered to the line ,wire Z over the antenna.- a and 'n but will be prevented from reaching the antenna f. "hen disturbances or high potentials are present upon the line wire Z, the effects which `they produce in the coils s and t are neutralized by the effects produced in the coils p and g, which, with the connection between the points o and the connection including the condenser w, affords a shortA circuited secondary for all frequencies except the sending frequency.

When three antennze are used, as just explained in connection with Fig. 6, they may be coupled with three dill'erent. wires correspondingy to the three phases of a threepliase transmission line,asillustratedin Fig. 'i'. lhen such a connection is used. the points o, instead of being grounded by a special conductor, may be connected to the usual lightniiig-protective device which affords a connection to ground.

The anti-resonant circuit, includingr the condenser w, may be replaced b v a condenser connected between-the ground connection o and the junction of the antennae /i and f, as shown at in Fig. 8. Then the condenser m is properly timed, it will protect the receiving part of the system from 'current of the frequency used for sending. Beside shunting current of this frequency, this condenser and thccoil-g together can act as an anti-resonant circuit, stopping currents of this frequency. I

Current in line wire Z or in the corresponding wires of Fig. 7, of the frequency intended to actuate the receiving apparatus connected to the coil m, will not ail'ect the sending device. because the connection between the middle points o of the two coils causes current' of this frequency in the coils .s and 71 to neutralize its efliect in coil (l. In

\ a similar way, high tension or other disturbances on the liiie wires are neutralized. ,Even it this neutralization is not complete,

5 the sendingr apparatus will not be injured,

particularly (if it consists of the usual vacuum-tube devlces. i

Although, I have illustrated a number of various forms of my invention, it is to be 30 understood that the invention 1s` capable of being embodied in many other forms and that variations in the details of construction may be made without departing from the spirit therof, I, therefore, do not intend to A condenser w 1. In a radio signaling system, a line wire, y

a pair of antennae inductively coupled to said line wire at points corresponding to different phases of the signaling energy, a reyactive connection between said antennae,

whereby a neutral point is produced in said connection, and means for maintaining said neutral point at zero potential.

2. In a radio signalin, r system, a liiie wire, three antennae spaced along said line wire at; distances which will cause the signaling cnergy in said antennae to dilfer in phase, a connection between the two extreme antenna: and the middle antennae. reactive devices in said connection on each side of said middle antenna, the neutral points ot' said reactive devices being connected together and to earth', means for impressing signal sending frequency on one of said reactive devices aiid means associated with the other of`said reactive devices tuned to signal re- 'ceiving energy.

3. In a. radio signaling system, a line wire, thi-ee antennae spaced along said line wire at distances which will cause the sig* iialing energy in said antenn to differ in phase, a connect ion between Lie two ext reine anten me and the ni: ddle antenna, reactive devices in said connection on each side of said middle antenna, the neutral points of said reactive devices being connected together and to earth, means for impressing signal sending frequency on one of said reaeti devices and means associated with the other of said reactive de# vices timed to signal receiving energy and means for preventing energy of the signal sending frequency from reaching the last named -reactive device.

4. Tn a radio signaling system, a line wire, thrf antennae spaced along said line wire at distances which will cause the signaling energy in said antennae to difl'er in phase, a connection between the two extreme antennto and the 'middle antenna, reactire devices in said. connection on each side of said iniddle antenna, the neutral points of said reture.

CARL SCPWAR Z.

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